5 Things A Cath Lab Nurse Wishes Every Patient Knew

By Joshua Chia Ghim Leng, Assistant Nurse Clinician, Cardiac Catheterisation Lab

More than 5,000 heart procedures are performed at the National Heart Centre Singapore's Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory (Cath Lab) each year. Behind every procedure is a dedicated team committed to ensuring patients receive safe, effective, and compassionate care.

Common procedures performed in the Cath Lab include coronary angiograms, which use X-rays to examine the heart's blood vessels, and angioplasties, which help open blocked arteries. During these procedures, a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is guided through the blood vessels to the heart to assess the coronary arteries for narrowing or blockages.

It is natural to feel anxious about a heart procedure. However, knowing what to expect can make the experience much less stressful and provide reassurance during your journey.

1. Most heart procedures are not as painful as you might imagine

Many patients worry that a coronary angiogram or angioplasty will be painful. In most cases, these procedures are performed under local anaesthesia, which numbs the access site, typically at the wrist or groin.

You may feel a brief sting when the local anaesthetic is administered, followed by some pressure as the catheter is inserted. Significant pain is uncommon, though every person's experience is different. Some patients also experience a temporary warm sensation when contrast dye, a special fluid used to make blood vessels visible on X-rays, is injected. This is normal and usually passes quickly.

2. Being awake during the procedure is completely normal

One of the most common questions patients ask is, "Will I be asleep during the procedure?"

Unlike major surgery, most Cath Lab procedures are performed while patients are awake but comfortable. Remaining awake allows the doctor to communicate with the patient throughout the procedure and monitor how they are feeling in real time.

You may be pleasantly surprised to learn that you can speak with the healthcare team, ask questions, and receive reassurance throughout the process. A nurse is usually by your side, closely monitoring your condition, providing updates, and helping you feel safe, supported, and at ease.

3. The Cath Lab may look intimidating but you are never alone

With its large imaging equipment, monitors displaying heart rhythms, and a team of healthcare professionals working around you, the Cath Lab can appear overwhelming at first.

While there may seem to be a lot happening, every team member has a clearly defined role in ensuring the procedure is carried out safely and effectively. Doctors perform the procedure, radiographers operate the imaging equipment, cardiac technicians document procedural events, and nurses continuously monitor your vital signs, medications, comfort, and overall well-being.

Many patients later share that the experience was far more straightforward and less intimidating than expected.

4. Your nurse is doing much more than assisting with the procedure

The role of a Cath Lab nurse extends beyond technical and clinical responsibilities. Equally important is providing emotional support and reassurance throughout the patient's journey.

Sometimes, the most meaningful part of our role is answering questions, easing anxieties, or simply holding a patient's hand during a moment of uncertainty. These seemingly small acts of compassion can make a significant difference, helping patients feel calmer, safer, and more supported.

5. Recovery is usually straightforward and knowing the warning signs is important

Most people recover well after a cardiac procedure and can return home on the same day or after a short hospital stay, depending on the type of procedure performed and their overall condition.

It is common to experience mild bruising, tenderness, or discomfort around the access site, especially at the wrist or groin. These symptoms are generally temporary and improve over the following days. Before discharge, your healthcare team will provide instructions on activity restrictions, medication management, wound care, and follow-up appointments to support a smooth recovery.

However, it is important to seek medical attention promptly if you experience significant bleeding from the access site, increasing swelling, severe or worsening pain, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, or signs of infection such as redness, warmth, or fever. Recognising these warning signs early and seeking timely care can help ensure any potential complications are addressed quickly and effectively.

The Cath Lab team is committed not only to performing your procedure safely and effectively, but also to supporting you every step of the way.